Fri. Feb 12th, 2021

Immunology of tumors: physiological regulation - sleep and rest

Sleep and rest affect the immune system. The lack of sleep can adversely affect the immune function. A complex loop of feedback with the participation of cytokines, such as Interleukin-1 and a factor of tumor necrosis involved in an immune response on infection, also affects the regulation of quick and slow sleep. Thus, the immune response to the infection can affect the sleep cycle, in particular, by increasing the relationship between slow sleep and quick sleep.

In people with lack of sleep, active immunization has a lower effect, the production of antibodies is reduced compared to a rested person. In addition, insomnia and changeable work due to impaired natural light and darkness can affect proteins such as, for example, NFIL3, which is associated with the differentiation of T cells and circadian rhythm. Such disorders can lead to chronic diseases such as heart disease, chronic pain and asthma.

Sleep and the circus rhythm associated with it greatly regulate the immune functions of both congenital and acquired immune systems. In the early phase of slow sleep, there is a drop in the level of cortisol, adrenaline and norepinephrine in the blood, which causes an increase in the level of leptin hormones, the growth hormone of the pituitary gland and prolactin. These signals stimulate the pro-inflammatory environment due to the production of cytokines IL-1, IL-12, TNF- and Inf. These cytokines contribute to the activation, proliferation and differentiation of immune cells. At this time, undifferentiated and less differentiated immune cells (naive and central T -cells of memory) reach their peak - during slowly developing acquired immune answers. In addition to these effects, the leptin hormone, growth hormone and prolactin maintain the interaction between APC and T cells, displacement of the balance between the assistants of the Th 1 / T H 2 on the side of T H 1, proliferation T H-H-H-HELPERS, migration of naive T cells into lymphatic The nodes, and also probably also support the formation of long -term immune memory, starting the response of the cells T H 1.

On the other hand, differentiated effector cells, such as cytotoxic natural cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), reach a peak during wakefulness. As a result, they can effectively respond to the invasion of pathogens. There is also an increased concentration of anti -inflammatory molecules, such as cortisol and catecholamines. There are two theories regarding why a pro -inflammatory state occurs during sleep. Firstly, inflammation during wakefulness can lead to serious violations of physical and mental abilities. In addition, during sleep there are more melatonin, which relieves oxidative stress (works against the formation of free radicals) due to the presence of inflammation.

Food
Excessive consumption of nutrients can lead to diabetes and obesity, which affect immune functions. Moderate malnutrition, lack of certain minerals and nutrients can weaken the immune response.

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